| What is a suffix? |
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| It is the bit that is
added onto a base word for example ing, ed,
ful, ly, ness to change it’s meaning. |
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| Suffix rule 1 |
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| Doubling the final consonant. |
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| When a single syllable
word has one vowel (short vowel sound); before a single
final consonant, double that consonant before adding
the ending: |
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| Example: |
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Shop
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shopping |
shopped |
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Swim |
swimming |
swimmer |
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Win |
winning |
winner |
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Skip |
skipping |
skipped |
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Chop |
chopping |
chopped |
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Pin |
pinning |
pinned |
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Chat |
chatting |
chatter |
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| You will notice that
within all of these words the vowel is short. |
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| Suffix rule 2 |
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| When a word ends in silent
‘e’ drop the e before adding
the ending when the suffix begins with a vowel. |
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| Example: |
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Hope |
Hoping |
hoped |
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Dive |
Diving |
diver |
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Crease |
Creasing |
creased |
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Use |
Used |
using |
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Share |
sharing |
shared |
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| Suffix rule 3
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| When a word ends in silent
‘e’ , keep the e if the ending (suffix)
begins with a consonant, such as: |
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ly |
ness |
ful |
s |
less |
ment |
some |
ty |
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| Keep the ‘e’
and just add the ending. |
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| Example: |
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Hope |
hopes |
hopeful |
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Lone |
lonely |
lonesome |
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Age |
ages |
ageless |
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Tire |
tireless |
tiresome |
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Like |
likely |
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Love |
lovely |
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| Suffix rule 4 |
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| Words ending in ‘ce’
or ‘ge’ keep the ‘e’ or change
it to ‘i’ to keep the ‘c’
or ‘g’ soft ( ‘s’, ‘j’
) when it is followed by ‘a’ or ‘o’. |
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| Example: |
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Peace |
Peaceable |
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Notice |
noticeable |
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Manage |
manageable |
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Change |
changeable |
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Enlarge |
enlargeable |
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Charge |
chargeable |
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Advantage |
advantageous |
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Replace |
replaceable |
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| Note |
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| We also keep the ‘e’
in the following words when adding ‘ing’,
otherwise they would lose their middle /j/ sound: |
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Fringe |
fringeing |
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Singe |
singeing |
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| Suffix rule 5 |
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| When a word ends in ‘y’,
it usually changes to ‘i’ before adding
the ending: |
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| Example: |
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Baby |
babies |
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Copy |
copies |
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Happy |
happiness |
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Pity |
pitiful |
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Fury |
furious |
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Rely |
reliable |
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lady |
ladies |
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army |
armies |
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heavy |
heaviness |
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duty |
dutiful |
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glory |
glorious |
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vary |
various |
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| When the stress is on
the last syllable the ‘y’ has a long ‘i’
sound. |
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| Suffix rule 6 |
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| However, if the ending
is ‘ing’,keep the ‘y’, otherwise
there would be two ‘i’s together. (This
applies to ‘ish’ and ‘ist’
as well, but they are not very common endings). Even
with the sight words ‘die’ ‘lie’
and ‘tie’ give them a ‘y’
if adding ‘ing’. |
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| Example: |
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Vary |
varying |
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Baby |
babyish |
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Study |
studying |
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Pity |
pitying |
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Apply |
applying |
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Copy |
copyist |
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Reply |
replying |
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Cry |
crying |
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Try |
trying |
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| Sight Words |
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Lie |
lying |
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die |
dying |
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Tie |
tying |
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| Suffix rule 7 |
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| If there is a vowel before
the ‘y’ keep the ‘y’ before
adding all suffixes: |
